Understanding Glomerulonephritis: What You Need to Know
Glomerulonephritis(GN) is a type of kidney disease that affects the glomeruli — two million small structures that act as tiny filters inside the kidneys. When they become inflamed, the kidneys can’t work properly. This means waste and extra fluid may build up in the body, and substances like blood and protein can leak into the urine.
While some people recover fully, others may develop lon-term kidney problems – especially if the inflammation is not treated early.
GN can be:
• Acute – comes on quickly, sometimes after an infection
• Chronic – develops slowly and may lead to ongoing kidney damage
What Can Cause Glomerulonephritis?
Several things can lead to glomerulonephritis, including:
• Infections, like strep throat or hepatitis
• Autoimmune conditions, such as lupus or IgA nephropathy, where the body attacks its own tissues by mistake
• Vasculitis, which is inflammation of the blood vessels
• Genetic disorders, such as Alport syndrome, which run in families
Other conditions, such as diabetes and hypertension, can contribute to kidney damage in a patient with glomerulonephritis.
Common Symptoms to Watch For
GN doesn’t always cause symptoms right away. Some people only discover they have it after a routine urine test. But when symptoms do show up, they may include:
• Urine that looks red, pink, or brown (a sign of blood)
• Foamy or bubbly urine (caused by protein)
• Swelling in the face, hands, belly, or legs
• Tiredness and low energy
• High blood pressure
• Urinating less than usual
How Is It Diagnosed?
If your doctor suspects glomerulonephritis, they will likely order several tests:
• Urine tests to check for blood and protein
• Blood tests to see how well your kidneys are working
• Imaging tests like an ultrasound to examine your kidneys
• Kidney biopsy, where a small sample of kidney tissue is obtained and examined under a microscope to find the exact cause
How Is Glomerulonephritis Treated?
Treatment depends on what’s causing the problem, how severe it is, and how your kidney and body respond to the medication(s) prescribed. Renal Speicialists of Houston providers are experts in treating these conditions. Treaments may include:
• Steroid medications – These drugs help calm inflammation in the kidneys. They can be taken as tablets or given through an IV (a small tube placed in a vein).
• Immune-suppressing medications – Since some types of glomerular disease are caused by the immune system attacking the kidneys, these medicines help slow down that immune response.
Common options include:
o Rituximab
o Cyclophosphamide
o Mycophenolate mofetil
These are sometimes used alongside steroids for stronger effect.
• Blood pressure medicines – Keeping your blood pressure in a healthy range helps protect your kidneys from further damage.
• Diuretics ("water pills") – These help your body get rid of extra fluid by increasing how much you urinate, which can reduce swelling.
• Plasmapheresis – In certain cases, this special treatment may be used. A machine pumps blood from your body, filters out substances that are harming your body, and then returns blood to the body.
What If My Kidneys Stop Working?
If glomerulonephritis leads to kidney failure, you may need kidney replacement therapy, either dialysis or kidney transplant.
Regular Checkups Are Key
If you have glomerulonephritis or are at risk, it’s important to see your Renal Specialists of Houston provider regularly. Early detection and treatment can help prevent serious damage.
You’re Not Alone
A diagnosis like glomerulonephritis can feel overwhelming, but there is help. With the right care and support, many people with this condition can live active, healthy lives.
If you have concerns about your kidneys, don’t wait to meet with us! Taking action now can make a big difference in your long-term health.